Influence of Bleaching Agent Containing Bioactive Glass on Color and Microhardness of Bovine Enamel

To try to reduce the deleterious effects of tooth whitening, bioactive materials have been used. Forty enamel/dentin blocks were stained on dark tea and randomly assigned into four groups (n=10): control group (unbleached), HP35 % (35 % hydrogen peroxide), BG45S5 (Bioglass 45S5® incorporated into HP35 %), and BIO (Biosilicate® incorporated into HP35 %). Colorimetric analysis and microhardness evaluation was performed at baseline, 24 hours and 7 days after the final whitening session. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Bonferroni test was used at a significance level of 5 %. All the coordinates (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔE00 and WID) showed a difference between the control group and the experimental ones (p0.05), which suggest a color stability over a week. In contrast, after 7 days, the WID showed that control and PH35 % were different than the other groups (p 0.05). The microhardness did not change over time (p>0.05), except for 35 % HP. In conclusion Bioglass 45S5® and Biosilicate® prevented enamel damage without negatively affect the whitening efficacy.

Para intentar reducir los efectos nocivos del aclaramiento dental, se han usado materiales bioactivos. Cuarenta bloques de esmalte/dentina se tiñeron con té oscuro y se asignaron al azar en cuatro grupos (n=10): grupo de control (sin blanquear), HP35% (peróxido de hidrógeno al 35 %), BG45S5 (Bioglass 45S5® incorporado en HP35%) y BIO (Biosilicato® incorporado a HP35%). El análisis colorimétrico y la evaluación de la microdureza se realizaron al inicio del estudio, 24 horas y 7 días después de la última sesión de blanqueamiento. Se utilizó ANOVA de dos vías para medidas repetidas y la prueba de Bonferroni a un nivel de significancia del 5 %. Todas las coordenadas (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔE00 y WID) mostraron diferencia entre el grupo control y el experimental (p0.05), lo que sugiere una estabilidad del color durante una semana. En cambio, a los 7 días, el WID mostró que el control y el PH35 % eran diferentes a los demás grupos (p 0.05). La microdureza no cambió con el tiempo (p>0.05), excepto para 35 % HP. En conclusión Bioglass 45S5® y Biosilicate® previnieron el daño del esmalte sin afectar negativamente la eficacia del blanqueamiento.

Application of optical illusion in stomatological aesthetics / 口腔疾病防治

@#Optical illusion refers to the phenomenon in which the scene observed by the human eye is not completely consistent with the objectively presented scene. Optical illusions in stomatology, as well as their clinical application, are demonstrated in this paper in terms of shade, shape and aesthetic design. Shade is not only affected by the optical illusions with which it is associated, such as color metamerism, color constancy and the Chevreul illusion, but also influenced by the surroundings. It is suggested that the surrounding lighting during veneering should be the same as that during color matching in the clinic. As indicated by the Poggendorf illusion and the Leaning Tower illusion, the practice should be conducted and checked from multiple perspectives to compensate for the limitation of human eyes, such as intraoral scanning. Other digital technologies, including digital facial scanning and cephalometric measurement, could be used to reduce the subjective influence of observation. In terms of esthetic design, the interaction of the part and the whole, suggested by Ebbinghaus illusion, should be considered: an individual harmony smile should be designed considering the characteristics of the personality and the features of the face, lips, teeth and gingiva of the patient. Furthermore, personal information, such as gender and age, should be taken into consideration in beautification presentation. Further research should be focused on the influence of optical illusions in stomatology in more details. More communication among doctors, technicians and patients is needed. Clinicians should be aware of the impact of optical illusions to reduce subjective bias in clinical standardized operations and further take advantage of optical illusions to create beautification presentations of dental restorations and smiles.

Analysis of color differences between identical tooth shades obtained by a spectrophotometer

ABSTRACT: Introduction. One of the most frequently used color analysis system is the Vita 3D Master toothguide. No study has evaluated if there are color differences between the same Vita 3D Master shades obtained from natural teeth, which could determine changes in the color selection. Objective. To determine ΔEab in natural teeth within the corresponding shade given by a spectrophotometer and compare our results with the AT and PT thresholds reported in the literature. Materials and Methods. We obtained 3818 tooth shade data L*a*b from 200 patients in an ambulatory setting. All color differences (ΔEab) between the same Vita 3D Master shades were registered. Mean, range and standard deviation values were determined. Results. We found a wide dispersion of the ΔEab values within each Vita 3D Master shade. When comparing our results with the PT and AT values available in the literature we found a wide dispersion of the ΔEab values, discordant in up to 53% of the cases. Conclusions. We suggest a revision of the available thresholds. Further research is warranted in this field to improve our understanding of color selection and matching. Clinical significance: The available thresholds for assessing color differences in dentistry probably need to be reviewed.

Medios de almacenamiento de dientes para estudios de color / Teeth storage media for color studies / Meios de armazenamento de dentes para estudos de cor

Resumen Todos los medios de almacenamiento usados para ensayos de investigación alteran las propiedades físicas y/o químicas de los dientes, especialmente el color dental. El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer cual es el medio de almacenamiento más indicado para dientes que van a ser usados en estudios de color, basados en una revisión sistematizada y proponer un protocolo específico. Mediante las palabras clave ¨storage, medium¨, ¨teeth¨, ¨color¨, ¨stability¨, ¨saliva¨, ¨formalin¨, ¨thymol¨, ¨ethanol¨ conectadas por AND o OR y consultando las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs y Google Scholar, se seleccionaron artículos con nueve criterios de evaluación a tres niveles de evidencia (alto, medio y bajo). Se realizó la síntesis y el análisis de la literatura, y como producto se establecieron los parámetros para el protocolo de almacenamiento. El resultado final arrojó 8 artículos, dos con nivel de evidencia alto para la saliva natural y/o saliva artificial sin carboximetilcelulosa. Tres con nivel de evidencia medio para el timol 0,1%, cloramina T 0,5%, glutaraldehido 2% y formalina 10%. Tres con nivel de evidencia bajo para el etanol, óxido de etileno o hidróxido de potasio. El medio de almacenamiento más indicado es saliva humana seguida por saliva sintética sin carboximetilcelulosa y se estableció con estos parámetros el protocolo del almacenamiento.

Abstract All storage media used in research assays alter some of the physical and/ or chemical properties of the teeth, especially tooth color. The objective was to establish which is the most appropriate medium for storing teeth for color studies based a systematized review, and to propose a specific protocol. Using as keywords ¨storage¨, ¨medium¨, ¨teeth¨, ¨color¨, ¨sta- bility¨, ¨saliva¨, ¨formalin¨, ¨thymol¨, ¨ethanol¨ connected by AND o OR and consulting PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs and Google Scholar databases, articles were selected to provide information on storage media with eight criteria for evaluating at three levels of high, medium and low evidence. An analysis and synthesis of the literature led to the results and the storage protocol. The search yielded eight articles, two with a high level of evidence for natural saliva and / or artificial saliva without carboxymethylcellulose. Three with a medium level of evidence for 0.1% thymol, 0.5% chloramine T, 2% glutaraldehyde and 10% formalin. Three with low evidence level for ethanol, ethylene oxide or potassium hydroxide. Storage medium most indicate is human saliva, followed by synthetic saliva without carboxymethylcellulose and so a storage protocol was established.

Resumo Todos os meios de armazenamento utilizados para ensaios de pesquisa alteram as propriedades físicas e/ou químicas dos dentes, especialmente a cor dos dentes. O objetivo é estabelecer qual meio de armazenamento é mais adequado para os dentes serem usados em estudos de cores com base em uma revisão sistemática, e propor um protocolo específico. Usando as palavras-chave "storage medium¨, ¨teeth¨, ¨color¨, ¨stability¨, ¨saliva¨, ¨formalin¨, ¨thymol¨, ¨ethanol " conectados por AND ou OR e consultando as bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs e Google Scholar, os artigos foram selecionado com nove critérios de avaliação em três níveis de evidência (alto, médio e baixo). Foi feita a análise, síntese da literatura e como produto foram estabelecidos os parâmetros para o protocolo de armazenamento. O resultado final rendeu 8 artigos, dois com alto nível de evidência para saliva natural e/ou saliva artificial sem carboximetilcelulose. Três com nível médio de evidência para timol 0,1%, cloramina T 0,5%, glutaraldeído 2% e formalina 10%. Três com baixo nível de evidência de etanol, óxido de etileno ou hidróxido de potássio. O meio de armazenamento mais indicado é a saliva humana, seguida pela saliva sintética sem carboximetilcelulose e o protocolo de armazenamento foi estabelecido com esses parâmetros

Caracterización clínico epidemiológica de pacientes con discromía dental / Clinical epidemiological characterization of patients with dental dyschromia

Introducción: La odontología conservadora ha afrontado un problema conocido como discromía, la cual ocurre cuando el diente sufre un cambio de color. No es grave en cuanto a la repercusión para la salud, pero es una condición desagradable que afecta la estética del paciente y su estado psíquico. Algunos estudios evidencian un aumento en cuanto a la discromía dental, como motivo de consulta de los pacientes, quienes en ocasiones solicitan la avulsión dentaria. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de pacientes con discromía. Método: Se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva transversal, en pacientes que acudieron a consulta en la clínica estomatológica docente del Hospital Militar Central Dr. Carlos J. Finlay, en el período comprendido entre febrero de 2016 a octubre de 2019, con un universo de 349 pacientes. Resultados: Los pacientes menos afectados fueron los menores de 19 años con un 4,3 por ciento, el sexo masculino representó un 65,9 por ciento. Predominaron las tinciones por bacterias cromógenas tanto para el sexo masculino como el femenino, con un 27,3 por ciento y 15,9 por ciento respectivamente, el grupo de edad de 35-59 años fue el más afectado con un 44,1 por ciento; las tinciones por descomposición aparecieron en el 48,4 por ciento de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Los pacientes más afectados por discromía dental fueron del sexo masculino, del rango de edad entre 35-59 años y causas extrínsecas(AU)

Introduction: Conservative dentistry has faced a problem known as dyschromia, which occurs when the tooth undergoes a color change. It is not serious in terms of consequences for health, but it is an unpleasant condition that affects the aesthetics of the patient and her psychic state. Some studies show an increase in terms of dental dyschromia, as a reason for consulting patients, who sometimes request dental avulsion. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with dyschromia. Method: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional investigation was carried out in patients who came to the clinic at the teaching dental clinic of the Central Military Hospital Dr. Carlos J. Finlay, in the period from February 2016 to October 2019, with a universe of 349 patients. Results: The least affected patients were under 19 years old with 4.3 percent, the male sex represented 65.9 percent. Staining by chromogenic bacteria predominated for both the male and female sex, with 27.3 percent and 15.9 percent respectively, the age group of 35-59 years was the most affected with 44.1 percent; decomposition stains appeared in 48.4 percent of patients. Conclusions: The patients most affected by dental dyschromia were male, with an age range between 35-59 years and extrinsic causes(AU)

Evaluation of the Color Matching of Composite Resin Restoration used for Repair with Initial Composite Resin Restoration

Objective: To investigate the color matching of the composite resin used for repaired with initial composite resin restoration after the aging process. Material and Methods: After preparation of 30 composite resin samples, their color were determined using the spectrophotometer four times and the average was recorded. After the initial aging, the color of the samples was measured again. Then, the repair process was performed with an appropriate composite resin color for each sample and the aging process was performed again. After the second aging, the color of the initial and the repaired composite resins were measured. Then, the data were analyzed by paired T-test. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The color difference of the initial composite resin between before and after initial aging, as well as the color difference of repaired composite resins between before and after second aging, were significant (p<0.001). Also, after the second aging, the color difference between initial and repaired composite resin restoration were significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The color matching of the repaired composite resin with the initial one is not acceptable. In this way, replacement of initial composite suggested instead of repaired.

Clinical evaluation of two dental bleaching techniques / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To clinically evaluate the bleaching effect, tooth sensitivity and rebound effect (3-month follow-up) of combined bleaching technique and deep bleaching technique. @*Methods@#30 Patients were recruited according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both two dental bleaching techniques, included in-office bleaching followed by at-home bleaching, and at-home bleaching followed by in-office bleaching and at-home bleaching, which were called combined bleaching technique and deep bleaching technique, respectively, were performed in the same mouth in each subject. All subjects received at-home bleaching with 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for 1 h/d within 7 days on one side of the dental arch (15 on the left side and the other on the right side), and followed by three 8-minute in-office bleaching treatments in succession with 35% HP on the maxillary anterior teeth, and finally with identical at-home bleaching on the maxillary anterior teeth. Tooth color was objectively evaluated using Olympus Crystaleye Spectrophotometer at the baseline appointment, and 1st, 7th, 30th and 90th day after treatment. The soft tissues and sensitivity of gingival and hard tooth tissues were evaluated using Loe and Silness Gingival Index and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, 1st and 7th day after treatment. @*Results@#Significantly less prominent color change and tooth sensitivity were observed in teeth received combined bleaching technique, compared with those received deep bleaching technique (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in color rebound effect between the two bleaching techniques (P > 0.05). @*Conclusions@#Both combined bleaching technique and deep bleaching technique show satisfactory effects and the same rebound effect during the same periods of follow-up. Deep bleaching technique is a more effective method of bleaching, however, with high frequency of tooth sensitivity.

Clinical evaluation of two dental bleaching techniques / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To clinically evaluate the bleaching effect, tooth sensitivity and rebound effect (3-month follow-up) of combined bleaching technique and deep bleaching technique. @*Methods@#30 Patients were recruited according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both two dental bleaching techniques, included in-office bleaching followed by at-home bleaching, and at-home bleaching followed by in-office bleaching and at-home bleaching, which were called combined bleaching technique and deep bleaching technique, respectively, were performed in the same mouth in each subject. All subjects received at-home bleaching with 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for 1 h/d within 7 days on one side of the dental arch (15 on the left side and the other on the right side), and followed by three 8-minute in-office bleaching treatments in succession with 35% HP on the maxillary anterior teeth, and finally with identical at-home bleaching on the maxillary anterior teeth. Tooth color was objectively evaluated using Olympus Crystaleye Spectrophotometer at the baseline appointment, and 1st, 7th, 30th and 90th day after treatment. The soft tissues and sensitivity of gingival and hard tooth tissues were evaluated using Loe and Silness Gingival Index and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, 1st and 7th day after treatment. @*Results @#Significantly less prominent color change and tooth sensitivity were observed in teeth received combined bleaching technique, compared with those received deep bleaching technique (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in color rebound effect between the two bleaching techniques (P > 0.05). @*Conclusions @#Both combined bleaching technique and deep bleaching technique show satisfactory effects and the same rebound effect during the same periods of follow-up. Deep bleaching technique is a more effective method of bleaching, however, with high frequency of tooth sensitivity.

Effect of two different commonly available energy drinks on surface micro hardness of tooth color restorative materials

AIM: The objective of present study was to assess the effect of commonly used energy drinks on surface micro hardness of tooth color restorative materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty discs of all material were prepared in polytetrafluoroethylene mold which was 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Two groups were made for each material containing 10 discs; G1/G2 (vitofil), G3/G4 (vitremere), G5/G6 (Filtek Z350). After 24 hours, the discs were polished. Group 1, group 3 and group 5 were immersed in red bull for 2 minutes during whole expereiment. Group 2, group 4 and group 6 were immersed in jolt cola for 2 minutes during whole expereiment. Microhardness test were performed in digital micro hardness tester before and after immersion at different time interval. The results were statistically analyzed with the help of two-way ANOVA with repeated measurement and Tukey's test. RESULTS: According to time interval for vitofil and vitremere there is insignificant difference between baseline and day 1 surface micro hardness values (p>0.001). Significant difference is seen between baseline micro hardness and day 7 day 14,day 30 (p<0.001). Inverse is true for Filtek Z350 there is significant difference between base line and day 1 micro hardness values(p<0.001). The difference between base line, day 7, day 14 and day 30 is insignificant (p>0.001). According to immersion media there is insignificant difference between both of them (p>0.001). CONCLUSION: The effect of energy drinks on the surface micro hardness of a restorative material depends on the duration of contact time and the material composition not on the type of drink.

Understanding of the color in composite resin / 대한치과보존학회지

In clinic, esthetic restoration of a defective natural tooth with composite resin is challenging procedure and needs complete understanding of the color of tooth itself and materials used. The optical characteristics of the composites are different because the chemical compositions and microstructures are not same. This review provided basic knowledge of the color and the color measurement devices, and analyze the color of the natural tooth. Further, the accuracy of the shade tab, color of the composite resins before and after curing, effect of the water, food and bleaching agent, and translucency, opalescence, and fluorescence effects were evaluated.

Color difference of the dental composites measured by different color measuring instruments / 대한치과보존학회지

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of color measuring instrument by measuring the color of dental composite resins. Nine shade light cured composite resin disks were prepared (diameter : 15 mm, thickness : 4 mm). CIE L*a*b* color scale of each disk was measured with 3 different types of spectrophotometer [MiniScan XE plus (Model 4000S, Hunter Lab, USA), CM-3500d (Minolta, Japan) and Specbos 2100 Miniature VIS Reflection spectrometer (Serial No: 319416, JETI Technishe VIS Instrumentic GmbH, Germany)]. Miniscan XE Plus and CM-3500d using identical measuring geometry with different size of viewing aperture. But Specbos 2100 using different measuring geometry. Within the limitation of this study, there were color difference (DeltaE*) from 2.4 to 7.8 between Miniscan XE Plus and CM-3500d, but L*, a*, b* values showed the high correlation. However, there were great color difference (DeltaE*) in the extent of about 20 between instruments with the different measuring geometry. Therefore, color scale measured by color measuring instrument should be used as a relative value rather than an absolute value in the field of dentistry.

Influence of the color of composite resins applied to lingual surface on the labial tooth color / 대한치과보존학회지

In this study we evaluated the influence of both the thickness of residual enamel and the color of the composite resins applied to lingual surface on the labial surface color. Background plates were made by randomly (A1, A2, A6D, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6D) selected colors of Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, U.S.A.) composite resin. Crown portion of 9 maxillary central incisors were cut off and embedded with acrylic resin except labial surface. Samples of average thickness of 2.2 mm were obtained after cutting it in a thickness of 2.5 mm from the labial surface and sandpaper polish. The shade of composite resin background was measured using Spectrophotometer (Spectrolino(R) GretagMacbeth, Regensdorf, Switzerland). And CIE L*a*b* value of 2.2 mm thickness tooth samples were measured on the 9 composite resin backgrounds. And then, the cutting side of tooth samples was ground to the extent of 1.9 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.0 mm and placed on composite resin backgrounds and measured L*a*b* values with the same method. In all samples, L* value and b* value seemed to have a tendency of decreasing as thickness of tooth sample becomes thinner regardless of background colors (p < 0.05). But, a* value didn't show the significant differences depending on the thickness.

Evaluating the reliability and repeatability of the digital color analysis system for dentistry / 대한치과보존학회지

This study was done to evaluate the reliability of the digital color analysis system (ShadeScan, CYNOVAD, Montreal, Canada) for dentistry. Sixteen tooth models were made by injecting the A2 shade chemical cured resin for temporary crown into the impression acquired from 16 adults. Surfaces of the model teeth were polished with resin polishing cloth. The window of the ShadeScan handpiece was placed on the labial surface of tooth and tooth images were captured, and each tooth shade was analyzed with the ShadeScan software. Captured images were selected in groups, and compared one another. Two models were selected to evaluate repeatability of ShadeScan, and shade analysis was performed 10 times for each tooth. And, to ascertain the color difference of same shade code analyzed by ShadeScan, CIE L*a*b*values of shade guide of Gradia Direct (GC, Tokyo, Japan) were measured on the white and black background using the Spectrolino (GretagMacbeth, USA), and Shade map of each shade guide was captured using the ShadeScan. There were no teeth that were analyzed as A2 shade and unique shade. And shade mapping analyses of the same tooth revealed similar shade and distribution except incisal third. Color difference (DeltaE*) among the Shade map which analyzed as same shade by ShadeScan were above 3. Within the limits of this study, digital color analysis instrument for dentistry has relatively high repeatability, but has controversial in accuracy.

Proposal of new dental color-space for aesthetic dental materials / 대한치과보존학회지

The purpose of this study is to develope new dental color-space system. Twelve kinds of dental composites and one kind of dental porcelain were used in this study. Disk samples (15 mm in diameter, 4 mm in thickness) of used materials were made and sample's CIE L*a*b* value was measured by Spectrocolorimeter (MiniScan XE plus, Model 4000S, diffuse/8degrees viewing mode, 14.3 mm Port diameters, Hunter Lab. USA). The range of measured color distribution was analyzed. All the data were applied in the form of T### which is expression unit in CNU Cons Dental Color Chart. The value of L* lies between 80.40 and 52.70. The value of a* are between 10.60 and 3.60 and b* are between 28.40 and 2.21. The average value of L* is 67.40, and median value is 67.30. The value of a* are 2.89 and 2.91 respectively. And for the b*, 14.30 and 13.90 were obtained. The data were converted to T### that is the unit count system in CNU-Cons Dental Color Chart. The value of L* is converted in the first digit of the numbering system. Each unit is 2.0 measured values. The second digit is the value of a* and is converted new number by 1.0 measured value. For the third digit b* is replaced and it is 2.0 measured unit apart. T555 was set to the value of L* ranging from 66.0 to 68.0, value of a* ranging from 3 to 4 and b* value ranging from 14 to 16.

Influence of the labial surface irregularity on the measurement of the tooth color by spectrometer / 대한치과보존학회지

The most scientific and reliable method for deciding the tooth color is the instrumental measurement. However, such color measuring instrument shows the difference of the measuring value according to the diversified measuring condition. This study was conducted to evaluate what effect of the labial surface irregularity of the tooth to the result of the color measured by spectrometer. 11 models of the teeth were made by injecting the A2 shade Luxatemp Automix Plus (DMG, Germany) into the impression acquired from 11 adults. Standard disk samples (15 mm diameter, 7 mm thickness) were made with same material. CIE L*a*b* value was measured at the incisal, central, and gingival area of the central incisor, lateral incisor, canine and first premolar using Specbos 2100 (JETI, Germany) spectrometer. Color difference was calculated between labial surface and standard samples. Among all models of the teeth, L* and b* value showed the reducing tendency as they go toward the gingival area, but a* value showed the increasing tendency. Color difference between model teeth and standard samples showed the most difference at the incisal area, but the gingival area showed the least difference. And the canine showed the least color difference from the comparison of standard sample, and the central incisor showed the highest difference (p < 0.01). Although the visually detectable difference of the measuring value showed notably depending on the type and measured area (p < 0.05), L* and a* value showed notable differences depending more on the measured areas than on the type of the teeth.

Tooth color changes associated with the bracket bonding and debonding / 대한치과교정학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tooth color changes of resin bonding sites and their adjacent sites on orthodontic bracket bonding. Sixty extracted sound premolars were used and the tooth color was recorded according to the CIE L(*)a(*)b(*) color system using a spectrophotometer. The tooth colors of the twenty premolars were measured and compared before bracket bonding and after removal. On a further twenty premolars, the tooth color was measured before and after only primer application. In the change of L(*) values, according to the bracket bonding and primer application, the lightness was decreased, and in the change of a(*) and b(*) values, the color was changed into a more yellowish color. The color differences (delta E(*)) were calculated from the L(*)a(*)b(*) values and compared with the standard value of clinical detection (delta E(*)=3.7). The color differences between before the bracket bonding and after removal noted exceeded the standard value and those of between before and after the primer application were not larger than the standard value. Toothbrushing was performed after application of the primer to evaluate the color changes according to the primer abrasion. As a control, toothbrushing was performed on the last twenty premolars. The color differences noted were larger than the standard value after toothbrushing. Also, to evaluate the color changes of the tooth which is exposed to sun irradiation after bracket removal, additional photoaging was performed and the color was measured for all teeth. The additional color differences after photoaging were smaller than the standard value. The above results suggest that the tooth color changes after fixed orthodontic treatment.